The ethnic composition of the United States is changing rapidly. In the near future, whites will lose their absolute majority in the country’s population structure. Hispanics are increasingly visible in the political life of America, and issues of migration policy are coming to the forefront in the gaining momentum of the 2016 presidential campaign. Many blogs tried to understand the differences between Republicans and Democrats on the issue of migration and how they use it in their programs.
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The U.S. is a nation built by immigrants, and today there are more than 45 million people born outside the country. Immigrants account for about a third of the population growth (statistically, a new migrant arrives in the U.S. every 32 seconds) and are seen as a crucial stimulant of economic activity, a source of both low-wage labor and highly skilled professionals. The GDP produced by immigrants is estimated to be more than $1.5 trillion. The combined annual income of illegal immigrants alone reaches $350 billion.
In 1965 Congress passed the Immigration Reform Act, which eliminated discriminatory regional and ethnic quotas. If before that the main criterion of desirability or undesirability of a migrant was his proximity to the majority of U.S. citizens (at that time it was white Christians), now the priority became family reunification and stimulation of the influx of high-skilled workers. At the same time, there was an increased emphasis on the humanitarian aspects of immigration policy, on the problem of refugees. As a result, the share of Europeans in the migration flow decreased from 90 percent to 10 percent over 20 years. Today, half of the foreign-born residents of the United States come from Latin America, and a quarter come from Asia.
The deepening socio-economic gap between the United States and Latin America and the growing demand for labor have generated strong and predominantly illegal migrant traffic from Latin America (especially Mexico). At the same time, the newcomers retained their linguistic identity and formed ethno-territorial clusters. Legislative proposals have been made in many border states, demanding a stricter immigration regime, cutting off illegals and their children from social benefits, and making English the national language.Not surprisingly, in recent decades, migration has taken an increasingly important place in the American electoral debate and seems capable of seriously influencing the outcome of presidential elections.
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